VANADIUM RECOVERY FROM SPENT CATALYSTS: A TECHNICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND ECONOMIC SOLUTION FOR CUBA

Abstract

Introduction:
Catalytic residues generated in the production of sulfuric acid in Cuba contain vanadium, a metal classified as critical and without natural deposits in the country, which represents an environmental and economic problem. These polluting residues are stored in unsafe conditions or confined in facilities with limited capacity, which makes it necessary to seek sustainable solutions.
Objective:
To present the technical, economic, and environmental considerations regarding the recovery of vanadium contained in catalytic waste from sulfuric acid production.
Materials and Methods:
At Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, a technological process has been developed based on crushing, acid leaching, filtration, precipitation, and calcination, using domestic reagents.
Results and Discussion:
The result is a concentrate with 37.8% V₂O₅, which can be marketed or transformed into ferrovanadium for the manufacture of recharge electrodes, an industrial input that Cuba currently imports at high cost. The research shows that processing these catalysts makes it possible to convert hazardous waste into a strategic raw material, reducing dependence on the international market and applying principles of circular economy and cleaner production. Alternatives are proposed for utilizing the solid and liquid by-products obtained, minimizing the generation of new waste.
Conclusions:
From a social and economic point of view, the proposal would contribute to import substitution, the strengthening of national industry, and environmental sustainability, while also generating a positive impact on strategic sectors, integrating science, innovation, and sustainable development in Cuba.