RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIMENSIONAL AND GEOMETRIC TOLERANCES IN MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

Abstract

In order to achieve the required parameters for a manufactured product, it is necessary to establish overall dimensional tolerances and geometric tolerances or shape and position of pieces surfaces. Those pieces where their configuration and final dimensions are obtained by machining process are generally affected not only by dimensional errors, but also by the variations in their geometric shape. Deviations from the geometric shape that occur in the parts after machining must also be framed within certain tolerance limits to complement the part accuracy. In this sense, in pieces design is required to determine the limits of specification, to define the tolerances in terms of their dimensions, geometric shape and relative positions of their surfaces. The determination and prescription of the errors allowed in terms of geometric shape and relative position of the surfaces of the pieces in relation to dimensional tolerances is a subject of great interest in mechanical productions and a determining factor in the guarantee of interchangeability and production costs, so the objective of this work is aimed to define what are the geometric errors that most frequently occur in pieces and how starting from the dimensional errors to establish these within certain tolerance limits.